Which describes a Photovolatic (PV) System as an arrangement of components that conveys electrical power by converting solar energy into direct current electricity?

• A. An arrangement that stores solar energy in batteries
• B. An arrangement of components that conveys electrical power to the grid using solar PV
• C. An arrangement of components that conveys electrical power to an energy by converting wind energy to electricity
• D. An arrangement of components that convey electrical power by converting solar energy into direct current electricity

Answer: (D)

Photovoltaic systems are defined by converting sunlight directly into electrical energy, specifically direct current. Solar cells use the photovoltaic effect: when illuminated, they produce electrons and create a DC voltage, and an array of these cells in modules delivers electrical power. The essential point is the conversion of solar energy into direct current electricity. While many PV systems include an inverter to supply alternating current or charge batteries, the fundamental function described is the sunlight-to-DC electricity conversion. The other options describe storing energy, wind energy, or simply delivering power to the grid without referencing the key conversion step, so they don’t capture what a PV system fundamentally does.